In the 15th Century the idea of schooling began Essay Example for Free

In the 15th Century the idea of schooling began Essay It is used during the process of streaming within school subjects. For example pupils who the teacher feels is good or poor at a certain subject, will be taught in a high or low ability group, this has criticisms at it encourages pupils to think of themselves as having fixed educational ability. A pupil can also be given a label from their behaviour, such as trouble maker or thick, either at home or school. This can damage a childs self esteem or make them rebel, which leads to them believing the label they have been given, this is called the Self-fulfilling prophecy. For what ever reason they were given the label, they find it hard to be looked at without the label, so end up behaving in a way that fits to their given label. Working class not only have had inequalities in the past but also still do today. Although there are more opportunities in the education system, home life also plays large impact on how well a child does achidemically at school. Douglas (1964) conducted a study on middle and working class children through primary and secondary school. He found that children of a similar measured ability at age 7 varied a great deal in their educational achievement by the time they were 11. He claimed that the greatest influence on attainment was parental attitudes in the working class. He measured this by the number of times these parents visited the school, family size, early child-rearing practises, health and the quality of the childs school. Working class children are more likely to have a part time job whilst at school and likely to leave education at 16. The Plowden Report (1967) noticed in working class households there was an absence of books, educational toys, lack of finance, lack of motivation, no parent support of due to own experiences or as a need to work long hours. This has been described as Material and Cultural deprivation. Jackson and Marsden (1962) published a study, Education and the working class. It showed that working class children tend to be slower in learning how to read and write, they start school at a disadvantage and this normal continues throughout. Marxists would say that this is because there are less opportunities for some classes and that the education system just helps to reproduce the existing class structure, e. g. , the ruling class (upper and middle class) and the workers (the working class), thus conflict and inequalities will continue. Success at school depends heavily on language, for reading, writing, speaking and understanding. Bernstein argues that there is a relationship between language use and social class, and that the language used by the middle class is a better instrument for success at school than the language used by the working class, (Browne 2005). In his view there are two different language codes: Â  The restricted code- This language is used by both classes, but is more characteristic of the working-class people. It is used everyday amongst friends and family, which is informal and simple (such as slang). Bernstein argues that lower-class-working people are mainly limited to this form of language use. Â  The elaborated code- This is mainly used by the middle-class, and is spoken in a formal context, with explanation if required. It has a much wider vocabulary than the restricted code, and is the language that would be found in textbooks, essays and examinations. Bernstein has argued that as the language used in schools by teachers and in textbooks is the elaborated code, working class children are disadvantaged. They may find it hard to understand the elaborate language used in school, therefore their work will suffer. Unlike middle class children who are used to the language so will find the work easier. Differences have been found amongst the achievements of people from different ethnic backgrounds, possible reasons for this could be the differences in their cultural backgrounds, language barriers and understanding or suffering from racism. If English were not the first language for someone this would give him or her a large disadvantage in the understanding of the language, which would affect their work in most areas. Suffering from racism in or out of school would cause the pupil upset, which could affect their schoolwork. Many Pakistani, Bangladeshi and African Caribbean children have large families and are working class, so are likely so have deprived social conditions. These groups mentioned appear to have a below average reading ability and tend to get fewer and poorer GCSE results than white or Indian pupils. It can be seen on the below table they are the overall lowest achieving ethnic groups. Students that achieved 5 or more GCSE grades A*-C (%) Race Group 1989 1998 2002 Indian N/a 54 60 White 30 47 52 Bangladeshi N/a 33 41 Pakistani N/a 29 40 Black 18 29 36. (Department for Education and skills, 2004: in Livesley et al, 2005) From the data above it is clear that black children are the lowest achievers. In the past racist remarks have been made claiming that problem was they had lower levels of inherited intelligence. Which is untrue, in 1985 the Swann Report found that there was no significant difference between the IQs of black and white children, (Thompson et al, 1982). Black boys are often given labels such as unruly and difficult to control, due to how the teacher has interpreted them by their dress, manner or speech, and find them challenging. They are more often to be given detention than other pupils, and often feel unfairly treated, then respond in accordance with their label, self-fulfilling prophecy. Although they do not achieve well at school, the number of black women staying in education past the age of 16 is increasing, which may be influenced by the many future career opportunities available today. Kamala Nehaul (Parenting, Schooling and Caribbean Heritage Pupils 1999) has noted how black parents valued education for the enhanced life chances it offered. She also mentioned the encouragement and commitment from parents, talking about the school day and providing provisions needed for their child to study. Indian children do well within the education system, there is a strong emphasis on self-improvement through education within this culture. Many of these children have professional backgrounds, so have good role models and supportive parents and they also have material advantages. Differences in the achievement between gender, race and class will continue to be compared, though surely the person should be treated as an individual. Post-modern thinkers such as Elkind (1998), suggest a key characteristic here is the idea of difference and, in a sense, the fragment of identities. In other words, students want to be recognised and treated as unique individuals rather than as groups, (Livesey et al, 2005). Although a students background may effect their achievement, as evidence suggests, it must be remembered that everyone is an individual with their own abilities, no matter what race, class or gender they are, have the potential to achieve in education. A girl, black or white from a working class background may not have had any opportunities for a good career after education 50 years ago, due to inequalities in the system, but this is not the case today. Overall the educational achievements for all groups of people have improved. There will always be some people in all of the groups mentioned previously, that fail in education, as a result of self-gratification and now culture, they are more focused on living for the moment, and not thinking about how their actions during their education can effect their future life.

Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Discrimination Essay â€Å"We all decry prejudice, yet are all prejudiced. † Herbert Spencer. One of the greatest problem that our world faces is prejudice, we discrimination and stereotype those that we find not to be the same as us or even slightly different. In some form or another we all have experience some form of stereotype or discrimination. It has an effect on the way we think and act. Here we try to understand the reason for prejudice, why we stereotypes and discrimination that has continue to affect out world. What is prejudice? â€Å"Prejudice is the act of judging an individual of a certain group based on perceived notions about that particular group. Prejudice is linked to discrimination but prejudice is an attitude whereas discrimination is the action associated with that attitude. †(Prejudice 2001). Many times we dislike something or someone just because they look or act differently from us. â€Å"A group that you are a part of is called your in-group. Ingroups might include gender, race, or city or state of residence, as well as groups you might intentionally join, like Kiwanis or a bowling league. A group that you do not identify with is called your outgroup. † ( Feenstra, 2013) everyone belongs to a certain group and we all know who is in our group and those that do not fit in our groups. Most time adult do not realize when they somehow out a person from there groups, but some do it intentionally. When we out a person from our group we really do not take the time to get to know or find out who they are, but we tend to pass judgment on them anyways. â€Å"Stereotypes are beliefs about the characteristics of particular groups or members of those groups. †( Feenstra, 2013) people tend to place into categories things and people, gathering them together without learn who or what they are. For example; that everyone that speaks Spanish is Mexican, when in reality there is a total of 21 Spanish country and they do not all speak the same Spanish. When we stereotype people into groups, we form opinion about them without getting to know there person, this sometime causing prejudice and discrimination against them. â€Å"They not only reflect beliefs about the traits that characterize the typical member of a group but also contain information about other qualities, such as social roles, the degree to which members of the group share a quality, and emotional reactions. Stereotypes imply a substantial amount of other information about a person besides what is immediately apparent and generate expectations about individual group members beyond the current situation ). One important time frame in the world would be the holocaust were the Jewish people were separated from other people because they were believed to be lower than the German and the cause of their problem lead them to torture and abuse the Jewish people as well as kill thousands of Jewish men woman and children. The people that suffer the most from prejudice and any form of discrimination are woman and children especially those living in third world country were at time it is the root of wars. I have been lucky not have been affected by any form of prejudice or discrimination. But as a teen in high school there was always that one person that felt like stereotyping a few people to try to hurt them. Only thru education can we combat any form of stereotypes, discrimination and Prejudice. In conclusion stereotypes, discrimination and Prejudice has influence the way people think and act. It has been the cause of suffering to those effected, as well as the cause of war and separation. Prejudice is a form of ignorance; it is a lack of knowledge, a lack of understanding toward others. Thru education and tolerances we can learn to accept other no matter where they.

Tourism In Saarc Nations Tourism Essay

Tourism In Saarc Nations Tourism Essay South Asia is home to one third of the worlds population. It comprises of one of the most diverse populations and cultures which have worked as potential economic and geographical resources for several countries all over the world. Significant researches found that one of the best brains that run the world on different platforms have their roots from South Asia. SAARC countries are rich in natural resources with unique and astounding geographical locations and ecology (Timothy, Nyaupane, 2009). The top highest mountain peaks of the world exist in the region of South Asia; Mount Everest and K2. One of the worlds best water resources lie in South Asia, having a vast river system mainly originating from the Himalayas. Moreover, some of the richest ocean resources exist in South Asia which include rich mangrove areas such as Sunderbans and coral reefs of Maldives. The biodiversity of South Asia is vast and holds great historic values. The cultural heritage of South Asia dates back thous ands of years and hence it hosts marvels such as Ajanta, Timpu, Taj Mahal, Taxila and many other great wonders (Timothy, Nyaupane, 2009). Factors Resisting the Survival and Growth of Tourism Industry in South Asia SAARC countries have been extracting several riches such as spices, gold, coal, gas and several more gemstones. Because of the availability of rich resources and great manpower, South Asian countries have been a common playground for several colonial powers. Now South Asian countries are independent and host almost all the religions of the world, contributing an increase in the diversity and cultural importance of the region (Alwis, 2009). Regardless of such attractive aspects of South Asia, more than 400 million people live below poverty line and approximately 71 million people are impacted by some sort of violence or similar threats. There are several issues revolving around the region which include health, poverty, child and gender issues (Alwis, 2009). All such issues are unregulated due to the weak control of the government and lack of proper attention to these issues. One of the latest and most talked about issues that revolve around South Asia, is the issue of Terrorisms. Afgh anistan is considered the originating land of Taliban, Pakistan is considered the host for Taliban, India is facing terrorists attack due to conflicts regarding Kashmir and the list goes on. These are few significant factors which have deteriorated the tourism industry of South Asia (Alwis, 2009). Current Conditions of Tourism Industry in South Asia In order to analyze the condition of SAARC nations tourism industry it is important to ponder upon the rates of visitors in this particular region. In the year 2010, the region of South Asia was able to attract only 1.1% of the 898 million visitors from all over the world. This makes a total of only 9.7 million visitors in South Asia which comprises of a total of eight countries. If compared with Europe, this is a very low number of visitors because Europe received 53% of the total visitors from all over the world during the same year (UNWTO, 2011). On the other hand, Asia Pacific region was able to double its tourism industry within seven years as they received 85 million visitors in 2003 and 198 million visitors in 2010. During this period of growth, South Asia was able to grow on a marginal scale that also was not achieved among all countries of South Asia (UNWTO, 2011). Few SAARC countries sparked off its tourism industry such as India and Maldives and hence, they are the potential tourist attractions in the whole of South Asia (Hassan, 2006). Not to forget Nepal, which is considered the gemstone of South Asia, is famous for its beautiful sights and great cultural heritage. Nepal has also increased its tourism industry quite well, however due to their internal political issues; the government has not paid much attention towards the tourism sector of the country (Timothy, Nyaupane, 2009). Other beauties of South Asia include Sri Lanka which is surrounded by exotic beaches and is also one of the most visited countries of the world. Bhutan is known as the Himalayan Kingdom of South Asian nations because it is an adventure attraction and has great cultural heritage adding to the enjoyment of the visitors. Alpine forests and 7000 meters of Himalayan region along with the beautiful architecture of its kingdom have been attracting an abundant amount of vi sitors to Bhutan (Saarc Tourism, 2011). Pakistan has great cultural heritage and historic places. The various tourism attractions of the country range from the ruins of civilizations like Taxila, Mohenjo-Daro, Harrapa, to the kingdoms of Mughals such as the Alamgir Gate, Badshahi Masjid, Faiz Mahal, Animist Kalasha and many more. Natural beauty of Pakistan includes Malam Jabba, Khyber Steam Train Safari, Naran Valley, Swat Valley, Murree, Bhurban, Indus River, and many more stunning areas where people can visit and be amazed by the gorgeous natural structures. Most importantly the Arabian Sea, mainly at the Gwadar Port and Kund Malir are one of the most striking natural beaches in South Asia (Timothy, Nyaupane, 2009). Regardless of such attractions, Pakistan has been losing its tourism industry due to the consistent terrorist activities going on in the North Western part of the country. The attack on Swat valley, capture of Osama bin Laden from Abbottabad and the consistent drone attacks on the North-Western borders of the country and all such events which have discouraged global visitors from coming to Pakistan. The risk of security, rising pollution, health problems, poverty and lack of overall government funding has led to a declined number of tourists in this region and hence the tourism industry has almost collapsed (Hassan, 2006). Plausible Solutions Keeping in mind such beautiful sights of each SAARC country and the potential experience attached to visiting these sights, it is important to consider why tourism rate has been declining and how these declining rates can be reimbursed (Kaur, 2008). The region of South Asia has promoted tourism since decades and only few countries like Sri Lanka, Maldives, India and Bhutan have been successful in achieving considerable amount of growth in their tourism industry. In the year 1980, an organization led by the Secretariat in Colombo aimed towards promoting tourism in SAARC countries by developing World Tourism Organization. This initiative, however, failed due to the lack of appropriate support from each SAARC countrys tourism sector (Kaur, 2008). Another attempt was made by the SAARC Chambers of Commerce and Industry (SCCI) which mainly began from Nepal. A promotional tagline was also designed Magic that is South Asia. This attempt by SCCI hoped to improve the private sector of the SAAR C nations, however productive outcome was not achieved within the same decade (Marg, 2009). SAARC countries have always emphasized on the importance of tourism and have considered it as a major asset for their countries. During several SAARC Summit meetings SAARC leaders have emphasized on accentuating the tourism industry of the region. On the 12th Summit which was held in Islamabad in the year 2004 during which SAARC Leaders exerted extra significance on the mutual support of the SAARC countries to accentuate tourism because it would bring social, economic and cultural dividends. Due to such immense emphasis, the year of 2005 was designated as the South Asia Tourism Year and each country was supposed to celebrate it both individually and jointly. Similar efforts were conducted in the year 2011 along with the review of previous Action Plans in order to improve past mistakes (Marg, 2009). Other plausible solutions have been suggested many times, which include the mutual agreement among all SAAR nations to accumulate certain funds jointly and invest in the tourism sector in areas such as security, pollution control, health care and other promotional activities. Such mutual accumulation of funds will require every countrys involvement and hence certain amount of improvement can be sought in each country even if a country doesnà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t attempt to do so. This sort of step can help in areas where government is not concentrating and thus SAARC leaders can assign private organizations to lead the tasks. This is a very long term solution and it would require strict involvement by at least half of the SAARC nations for effective implementation, or else the main idea would fail (Raghavan, 1995). Conclusion There is considerable improvement found in countries like India, which is being marketed as Incredible India along with its wide spread Bollywood industry which is supporting the tourism industry with its pseudo-participation and promoting Indian culture globally (Kumar, 2011). On the other hand Sri Lankan beaches are being used by several companies as an investment for hotels and also movie locations. Another significant improvement is noticeable in Nepal where they are providing discounted packages for travelling places like Kathmandu and similar beautiful areas (Hassan, 2006). Certain amount of improvement is visible in almost all countries of SAARC, but countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan and Bangladesh are suffering different issues which are consistently resisting them from promoting their tourism industry. Bangladesh is facing consistent floods and health issues that it is unable to concentrate on its tourism sector. Potential solutions for such countries can be inspired by other countries of SAARC (Alwis, 2009). Pakistan has recently developed its Gwadar Port and beaches, so Pakistan can market these ports in the international market. Furthermore, Pakistan can invest in good promotional techniques like designing a tagline like: Explore Pakistan, similar to that of India: Incredible India. Such promotional techniques would require certain amount of funding which can be generated from the private sector, because at the current stage of the country, the government sector does not seem to be in a condition that they would concentrate on tourism. Eventual ly such efforts could lead towards improvement in Tourism (Alwis, 2009).

Violence In the Media :: Papers

Public attention to violence in television has been evident since the early 1950's. Since then, some have come to feel that the portrayal of violence on television is an example of the moral breakdown of our once-great nation. Although, various scholars have clearly shown that violence has been a part of the human society's system of communication. And today, television plays a huge role in our system of mass communication. Unfortunately, television is thought to have an impact on the beliefs and actions of viewers, especially of children and teenagers. Most boys and girls who see violent acts performed on television are more likely to become violent and aggressive in their own lives. Two Chicago doctors, Leonard Eron, and Rowell Huesmann followed the viewing habits of a group of children for twenty-two years. They concluded that watching violence on television encourages violent and aggressive behavior. Programs, advertisements, and even the news is giving the public a warpe d view of reality. Since most people have little experience with crime and violent acts, they are more likely to believe what they see on television. By distorting reality, television has caused the increase of violence because of learned behaviors, sex roles and other stereotypical attitudes, and the desensitization of children. One of the main reasons television creates a fair amount of violence in society is the fact that children learn the specific behaviors they observe. It has been established above all that children watch television to keep themselves occupied and for amusement. Television has and informative and social function. Children have said from television they get ideas, learn about good and evil, and get an idea of reality. Dr. George Camshich's analysis on the effects of television is the "vicarious socialization that television conveys our values and norms to maturing individuals in a way that could affect how they function in society" (Williams, 161). In order for a child to be influenced significantly by a particular program, they must find the programs credible. The child then develops opinions through different sources(parents, teachers, peers), and then the child will have their own experiences, relating what they saw on television with the similar situation they have encounter ed in their own lives. It is true that the programs that have the greatest influence are the ones that deal in matters we have no knowledge of.

Macbeth by William Shakespeare :: Papers

Macbeth by William Shakespeare Recently in class we have read and studied one of Shakespeare's most famous plays: Macbeth. I found the language a bit difficult to understand and rather archaic but the themes as relevant as they were when the play was written and set. The play was an intriguing one. Whilst studying the play we were focusing on the main character whom the play was based upon and named after, Macbeth. Having finished the play, I felt a sense of pride and achievement that I have read a Shakespearean play. In this evaluation I wish to consider the accuracy of Malcolm's comment that Macbeth died a "butcher" Macbeth towards the end of the play appeared extremely cold and heartless yet at the beginning was a hero who did have good qualities which is why it was such a tragedy that he turned evil. Macbeth is a very complex character and Shakespeare began by highlighting his good points, portraying him as a decent person thus making us care what happens to him. Macbeth being hailed a hero,(in Act1Sc2) was a well-deserved title. He was a brave and gallant soldier, ironically fighting against traitorous behaviour to the king. We are told in gory detail that he "unseamed" one traitor by ripping him apart with his sword from his navel to his mouth showing his military capability Described as "Belona's bridegroom" by Rosse, Macbeth was being compared with Mars, the Roman God of War a compliment by any standard. This reinforces the bravery and ability of Macbeth and showed that in the context of his times, Macbeth was a first class soldier and admired by many. In fact, to the bitter end Macbeth remains a brave character fighting against all odds when he himself has become the traitor. Another virtue of Macbeth's is that he is held in high regard by the king. On several occasions, King Duncan praises Macbeth going as far as saying on one occasion, " we love him highly". King Duncan obviously held a lot of trust in Macbeth even visiting his castle and

Bible Essays - Pain and Suffering in Homers Odyssey and the Gospel of Matthew :: comparison compare contrast essays

Pain and Suffering in The Odyssey and the Gospel of Matthew In the "great works" of ancient Greece and of Christianity, suffering alone is portrayed as something to be feared. Both Homer's Odyssey and the Gospel of Matthew contend that suffering is virtually unbearable when the sufferer has not outside support. If, however, the tormented can find support from others, these teachings continue, suffering becomes more tolerable. Both agree that we wish to find supporters when we are tormented. Unfortunately, these sources diverge on how one finds such support. Homer teaches that one can find support by knowing that all of mankind suffers together, ultimately tormented by the gods. The Gospel of Matthew, however, teaches that by placing faith in God, the tormented can find support from God. More, it teaches that God hears the calls for help from humans and, if asked in true faith, will give support to all sufferers. To illustrate the teachings of these two works, one short passage from each is sufficient to give the kernel of the respective teachings on this subject: Rag of man that I am, is this the end of me? I fear the goddess told it all to wellÄ predicting great adversity at sea and far from home. Now all things bear her out: he whole rondure of heaven hooded so by Zeus in woeful cloud, and the sea raging under such winds. I am going down, that's sure. How lucky those Danaans were who perished on Troy's wide seaboard, serving the Atreidai! Would God I, too, had died there—met my end that time the Trojans made so many casts at me when I stood by Akhilleus after death. I should have had a soldier's burial and praise from the Akhanians—not this choking waiting for me at sea, unmarked and lonely. (Homer V.309-323) "He trusts in God; let God deliver him now, if he wants to; for he said 'I am God's Son." The bandits who were crucified with him also taunted him in the same way. From noon on, darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon. And about three o'clock Jesus cried with a loud voice "Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?" that is, "My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?" When some of the bystanders heard it, they said, "This man is calling for Elijah." At once one of them ran and got a sponge, filled it with sour wine, put it on a stick, and gave it to him to drink.

Effects of Globalization on Japan and China Essay

In this paper I will be looking at China and Japan two very different examples of native non-western cultures that have been impacted by western culture very differently. Globalization can be described as the increasing interplay of cultures brought closer together. The impact of globalization on indigenous cultures can be seen negatively and positively with varying outcomes. Globalization has increased opportunities for indigenous people, it’s also impeded their ability to keep their cultural practices and knowledge. In many cases, indigenous people’s views have been displaced by western views by becoming increasingly materialistic and individualized, values that are associated with western culture. Not everything is negative though, the integration offered by western technology has brought, better access to programs and services, reduced isolation, created employment, ability to preserve and share their cultural heritage and traditional languages. Greater contact and ongoing interactions impact indigenous cultures. Globalization â€Å"constitutes an unprecedented threat to the autonomy of Indigenous cultures†, but gives â€Å"an unprecedented opportunity for Indigenous empowerment† (Smith, Burke & Ward, 2000, p. 21) Globalization brings unavoidable change to indigenous people and their cultures. Globalization can goes back for hundreds of years with trade between countries. Over the years, areas of travel, knowledge, immigration and goods have grown. Two examples of event driven non-western cultures being changed by globalization are the counties of China and Japan. In the 1970’s an American fast foods restaurant opened in Japan representing American culture. It started a westernization shift in the Japanese. Traditional culture focused on traditional rituals, foods and family heritage. Before the event of American fast food restaurants like MacDonald began in Japan, the traditionally bento box is food in a small box prepared  for school aged children. Not just a boxed lunch, the bento box lunch was a token of home, and more importantly of mom. Making elaborate, creative boxed lunch measured a womans dedication to being a mother. The lunches, could be time and labor intensive to make every morning. Tips for making them were the conversation among moms, and whole magazines were devoted to the topic. Entire industries revolved around selling the foods and gadgets use to make them. The bento box lunch represented that the role of any Japanese citizen is to be carried out with precision and dedication. The lunch also represents that mom’s were responsible for a healthy lunch and the childs responsibility is learning. Since the introduction of fast food meals and a American diet, interest in traditional bento box lunch has faded greatly. The increasing consumption of fast food has caused lots of changes in Japanese culture, obesity rates are up to nearly 10 percent, the Japanese didnt traditionally eat red meat very much before the change, Japan currently has the largest number of McDonalds outside the United States and American style prepared lunches are a staple now. To show that globalization is a continual process,what had been a very tradition teenage way of life of school uniforms and reserved and respectful traditional dress has changed with more recent popular American hip-hop culture influence is a example of how continued globalization is changing non-Western cultures. Japanese Hip-Hop is a developing popular subculture from New York to Tokyo teenagers wearing the same kinds of fashion’s hats, baggy pants, and sneakers. Parts of Tokyo are much like New York, with trendy nightclubs, bars, restaurants and hotels, catering to hip-hop culture. This new developing sub- culture is gaining acceptance in the wider Japanese society. China’s first instance of Chinese internationalism was during the Han Dynasty in 125 BC. At the start of the Han Dynasty, the Huns were attacking the frontiers of the Han, Emperor Wu needed an alliance, Emperor Wu looked to the West to establish economic and cultural connections, there were few trade routes between China and Europe. The most famous route is the central land route or the Silk Road, a network of roads from northwest China to the ports of Syria and the Black Sea. The Silk Road allowed Chinese emperors  dominance over Central Asia by developing their resources and providing new markets for the export of China’s resources. Before this trans-formative event China had little wealth and very few other markets available to their goods especially silk, they were very isolated. After the event the Chinese emperors had increased wealth and power both with trade and security that it brought. This event brought very little cultural contact with western cultures to the everyday Chinese but it was the beginning of a long period of western globalization that continues today in to China. Another opportunity for the Chinese to be exposed to western culture was in 1915. Japan issued demands against China with the goal to conquer them, the demands placed on the Chinese were humiliating and degrading, reducing China to a protectorate of Japan. China turned to Britain to help them, the British spoke up for China to prevent total capitulation. Japans was determination to dominate East Asia is the basis for future Japanese/ Chinese relations and western influence growing in China until World War 2. During the following wars and various military conflicts the Chinese regularly turned to their military allies in the west and exposed more of their culture to western influence and values. Within China this reliance was seen as a weakness by Mao the leader or the revolution and currently in power, who had been heavily influenced by Marxist ideas from Russia. Many cultural practices before the Chinese revolution event were very common traditional festivals being celebrated, Buddhist prayer to ancient artifacts and ancestors, traditional music like Han folk music, traditional art and designs. Mainly seen in the rural farm areas and villages where traditional culture is more prominent. As a result after World War 2 the Chinese Communist Party and Mao Zedong gained power and believed a Marxist social revolution would be the cure for Chinas problems. His radical beliefs extended to the issues of Values, Language forcing a country of many languages to speak mandarin, Spirituality changed promoting atheism and turning against Buddhism defacing ancient artifacts, Literature was only pro communist propaganda, Music turned to revolution-themed songs, the practice of traditional martial arts was discouraged, Fashion changed to Mao suits for men and women and profound changes in society with property seizures and purges, Women rights changes by lega lizing divorce, abolishing arranged  marriage, and the termination of foot binding. These are just some of the changes that resulted directly and indirectly from the influences and backlash of western globalization on china and it’s leaders. Currently in China, many cities have embraced western globalization, It’s seen by western style sky scrapers, chain hotels, and American restaurant chains. China mainly functioned on traditional culture and respect for heritage but that is changing in modern times. A cultural heritage rich with festivals, holidays, foods, traditional clothing and music. The youth’s of society are educated and encouraged to be part of in their traditions and culture but also to be modern. This desire to be modern and stylish, driven mostly by television, internet, popular movie and music icons. Clothing worn by young Chinese is almost the same as those worn by high school/college age Americans. The popular Hair styles, shoes and makeup trends are just some of the signs of current westernization in China. The rural areas are slower to accept western style changes and are more traditional although cell phones and internet access are now widely available. There was no single event that star ted the globalization movement in modern China, most all things western are seen as modern and stylish for most of the populace. Chinese culture has adapted, accepting many western styles, products and values. References Smith, C., Burke, H., & Ward, G.K. (2000). Globalization and Indigenous peoples: Threat or empowerment? In C. Smith & G. K. Ward (Eds.),Indigenous Culture in an interconnected world. Vancouver: University of British Columbia (UBC) Press